Stakeholder Capitalism Vs. Shareholder Capitalism

American society has changed since the 1940s, one of the major changes in American society was the use of capitalism since the last couple of decades. There were two separate types or levels of capitalism that were used in American society, which was capitalism 2.0 and capitalism 3.0. In the 1940s the beginning of capitalism 2.0 otherwise known as stakeholder capitalism. Stakeholder capitalism is basically a market system that the companies only treat the interests of major stakeholders equally, rather than favoring the investors. The second use of capitalism is capitalism 3.0 otherwise known as shareholder capitalism, which started off in the early 1980s. Shareholder capitalism is to be able to maximize the value of the corporation’s†¦show more content†¦According to her temp work is worse off than the minimum wage. Temp work is when companies help save money, they would hire temp workers for years. They do it because it is cheaper than hiring labor directly, and the y have the right to do so. The main point of a temp worker is supposed to get a permanent job status, but when they are hired by such companies after they are unemployed for three weeks in the same job, they would get hired again by the same company that fired them. This situation relates towards the book Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis by Robert D. Putnam. In this book, Putnam also talks about the factory owners in his home town and how they also hired temp workers from Putnam home town. Because of the hiring of temp workers, a lot of people were left unemployed, as a result of 55 percent of all jobs in 1965 to 25 percent in 1995 and the rate keeps on falling for employed workers. The unemployment rate rose and fell with the national tides during stakeholder capitalism. During the 2.0 capitalist era, the American economy including capital gains and excluding capital gains was at an all-time low during the great depression and starting the second world war. In shareholder, capitalism corporations are there solely for the only purpose of the investors, that the managers only serve as agents. In this type of capitalism, only short-term profits are the goal, which a company can start laying off workers instead of retraining orShow MoreRelatedTexas Instruments in South Korea1347 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessful outcomes. Using a voice and exit approach to governing this initiate can help with identifying the opportunities that motivate employees to achieve desired outcomes. The concept of shareholder capitalism will be introduced as a way to explain how CEO’s can facilitate communication with various stakeholders. This approach will facilitate better decision making as more available information is used to determine strategy actions. This assessment will conclude with a discussion of CSR and itsRead MoreThe Meaning of Work2155 Words   |  9 Pages255). They are not forced upon us and one should be accepting of them as their def ined roles within the corporation. Underneath a stakeholder model of social responsibility, the magnitude of customers as a main driver of long-standing business success is greatly highlighted. This generates a variance, at times, flanked by management and shareholders. Shareholders in essence want the company to focus on maximizing profits. Do not miss understand company leaders want this, as well, however; theyRead MoreShareholder Wealth Maximization And Corporate Social Responsibility Theories1955 Words   |  8 Pages Examining Globalization From The Viewpoints Of Shareholder Wealth maximization And Corporate Social Responsibility Theories â€Å"Sell a stock rather than try to change the company’s policy.† Introduction Are the goals of globalization, the primary driving force for international economic and financial development, best supported by the paradigms of shareholder wealth maximization or do they match the ideas of corporate social welfare as exemplified by Catholic social teaching? Globalization inRead MoreStakeholders and Shareholders Debate4838 Words   |  20 PagesThe Shareholders vs. Stakeholders Debate T he stakeholder theorists smell blood. Scandals at Enron, Global Crossing, ImClone, Tyco International and WorldCom, concerns about the independence of accountants who are charged with auditing financial statements, and questions about the incentive schema and investor recommendations at Credit Suisse First Boston and iMerrill Lynch have all provided rich fodder for those who question the premise of shareholder supremacy. Many observers have claimed thatRead MoreMultinational Corporations ( Mncs ) Role2182 Words   |  9 Pagesoperations and next is the Ethical issues how far the business is following the fair practise and top of is Philanthropy it’s out of their own interest. The company uses its own discretionary powers to decide upon the activities. This is the point where stakeholders want the MNCs to work more responsible than the statutory requirement. The MNCs should me more responsible than the governments in maintaining ethics in their global operations. The companies are to be made accountable, the society consists ofRead MoreIpa Cheat Sheet2143 Words   |  9 Pagessystem with external audits. IPA 5: STATE STRUCTURES 3: VARIETIES OF CAPITALISM Economic convergence does not mean institutional convergence. Institutions of capitalism are socially embedded and a product of societal preferences. Coordinated Market Economics: LT focus: Labour and capital immobile. Liberal Market Economics: ST focus: Labour capital mobile. Key differences of institutional differences across types of capitalism: ï‚ · Financial capital, Human capital, Ownership, Networks, ManagementRead MoreCase Study of Bill Gates1348 Words   |  6 Pagesthat make are heavily scrutinized and envied by the majority. Bill Gates is an exception to the average college drop out. We must all learn to work smarter and not harder. WHAT IS THE MAJOR OVERRIDING ISSUE IN THE CASE? Is American Capitalism Moral or Immoral? WHAT MAJOR QUESTION OR ISSUES DOES THIS CASE ADDRESS THAT MERITS STUDY AT THIS POINT IN THE COURSE? *Is it fair that Bill Gates gets all of the wealth and riches while the majority of citizens live far below the poverty lineRead MoreMr. Zaboschuk2296 Words   |  10 Pagescan benefit stakeholders into an integrated system that rewards employees, middle managers, executives and shareholders towards the common goal of creating value for the firm. It seems that traditional compensation systems (based on traditional accounting measures like profit, cash flow, ROI) can miss the mark on the true performance of a corporation over the long term. Stern and Steward have proposed EVA compensation systems that, in theory, should provide alignment for all stakeholders. I will nowRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility2536 Words   |  11 Pagesan essential part of business language. Definitions of CSR have became more specific; since the 70s, with alternative emphases, being placed on issues such as the understanding of corporate citizenship (which is a key concept of CSR), and the stakeho lder theory. In early writings CSR was referred to more often as social responsibility (SR) rather than as CSR. Bowen (1953: 6) set forth an initial definition of the social responsibility: It refers to the obligations of businessmen to pursue thoseRead More Corporate Social Responsibility Essay2477 Words   |  10 Pagesan essential part of business language. Definitions of CSR have became more specific; since the 70?s, with alternative emphases, being placed on issues such as the understanding of corporate citizenship (which is a key concept of CSR), and the stakeholder theory. In early writings CSR was referred to more often as social responsibility (SR) rather than as CSR. Bowen (1953: 6) set forth an initial definition of the social responsibility: It refers to the obligations of businessmen to pursue those

Fahrenheit 451 And Under The Never Sky - 1117 Words

Fahrenheit 451 and Under the Never Sky are two dystopian books that propose a variety of similar ideas and a handful of differences. Both books have their own ways of enforcing a form of censorship, which plays a major role on why these stories represent dystopian societies. In both books, the setting is in a futuristic society creating a new perspective on how the abuse of authority in the government can lead to a failing society. In both stories, questioning is seen as a negative way of thinking. To think beyond what is there, makes you an outcast. Censorship is the act of blocking out information in any shape or form. Fahrenheit 451 censors literature and information from the people in the form of books. The citizens in Fahrenheit 451†¦show more content†¦These characters don’t have set boundaries and want to explore everything around them. The Sage tends to be a character whose leading force on their adventure is to find the truth behind the walls which contain the hidden meanings. These characters use their intelligence to view things in different perspectives (Golden). This relates to censorship because these character archetypes test the censorship that is enforced upon the people. In Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury includes Clarisse McClellan, a seventeen year old girl that questions life and the way things or people function. â€Å"‘I don’t mean to be insulting. It’s just I love to watch people too much, I guess’† (Bradbury 6). Clarisse spends much of her time observing her sur roundings. She stays in the story for a very little amount of time but leaves a lasting impact on Montag. â€Å"‘Is it true that long ago firemen put fires out instead of going to start them?’† (Bradbury 6). This statement is said by Clarisse and it displays herself as an Explorer and a Sage in the book. She tries to question Montag without caring for the limits she has while conversing with him. The Sage characteristic comes into play with this statement because Clarisse tries to find the history or the truth about the Firemen s career. The author of Under the Never Sky, Veronica Rossi, bases the story around Aria. Similar to Clarisse, Aria is aShow MoreRelatedEssay about Censorship in Fahrenheit 4511595 Words   |  7 PagesFahrenheit 451 Ray Bradbury One of the main themes of the novel Fahrenheit 451 is censorship. Censorship is n: the action of a censor esp. in stopping the transmission or publication of matter considered objectionable. That is, of course, according to the guys over at Merriam-Webster. The theme of Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 can be seen from several different viewpoints. Bradburys novel primarily gives an anti-censorship message. Bradbury understood censorship to be a natural projectionRead MoreCharacteristics Of Dystopias888 Words   |  4 Pageslayout, dystopias face the opposite. The creators of the dystopias mimic many of the themes of their current day totalitarian governments and portray it into a format that can be looked upon by people into the future. Both the dystopic novels, Fahrenheit 451, and Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep, abide to these close characteristics. Dystopias illustrate what†¯many writers and story tellers strive to create in an enclosed community by portraying the citizens life being communal, suppression of knowledgeRead MoreTotalitarianism In Fahrenheit 4511899 Words   |  8 Pagesrequires complete subservience to the state† (https://en.oxforddictionaries.com). In other words, totalitarianism is a society controll ed by a government, composed of a limited amount of people, with complete control over the population. Throughout Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury entails of a society controlled by a totalitarian government, providing insight on how its mechanics function. Bradbury, a renowned writer especially for his visions of the future expressed throughout his literature, was born onRead MoreOnly You Can Prevent Forest Fires1263 Words   |  6 PagesFires In a world that is being overrun by advancements in technology and mass media, society finds itself willingly trapped in a digital prison where people care less and less about the world. In Ray Bradbury’s 1953 classic science fiction novel Fahrenheit 451, he describes a technological world where everyone basically lives through their televisions and other advanced devices, and is totally oblivious to anything going on in the real world. The society in this world literally burns their creativityRead MoreSuppression of Individuality in Huxleys Brave New World and Rands Anthem1686 Words   |  7 PagesFahrenheit 451, a Ray Bradbury book, possesses a stereotypical citizen named Guy Montag. Guy sees the world just the same as any other individual. No true happiness or emotion is ever evoked. In his society, Montag becomes aware that books and other censored items exist in the world, but their presence has no impact on him until a female character enters the story. Talking one aft ernoon, Montag becomes interest in this female’s opinions on society. He soon concludes that the government is repressingRead MoreAnalysis Of Salinger s The Catcher Rye 3756 Words   |  16 PagesSummer Reading-TASIS 2014 Rising 9th Grade Mainstream English The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger and Fahrenheit 541 by Ray Bradbury Please write a typed or handwritten response (200 words each in the language relevant to your course) to each of the following prompts on each of the works assigned for the course(s) you will be taking in 2014-2015: The Catcher in the Rye Initial Understanding: What are your thoughts and questions about the story? You might reflect upon characters, theirRead MoreEssay The Myopia of Dystopia3805 Words   |  16 Pagesdont deem the modern-day world as the good place(Hermon, Holman) but rather one of the indescribable atrocities of war, disease, hunger etc#8230; A utopian world is a difficult, if not impossible, one to forge. Novels such as Brave New World, Fahrenheit 451, and 1984 are dystopian novels, with often-satirical undertones within their pages. This works are allegories, sardonic depictions of our societies ills. Each work contain strong hard-hitting political messages with common themes such as the fineRead MoreThe Reality Of A Utopian Society Essay2290 Words   |  10 PagesUtopia in Latin means no place, so he could’ve been telling his reader that no matter how wonderful these ideas may have seemed, the reality of perfection is not considered. A Utopian society is as achievable as sitting on the flu ffy white clouds in the sky. While the Utopian Idea flourished through some philosophers, Adams Smith created his ideas that conflicted the normality of a Utopian society. He understood that because humanity is not perfect, a Utopian society was unobtainable. His ideas were spokenRead MoreRay Bradbury s Fahrenheit 4514443 Words   |  18 Pages Introduction: How’d He Do That? My appreciation of a literary work was enhanced by understanding symbol when I read Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury. The science fiction novel is about Guy Montag, a man who is a firefighter. In this time, the job of a firefighter is to burn and destroy all books because reading or having books is illegal. He does his job, day by day, burning books without giving it a thought. As the novel continues, Montag realizes that books are not bad and tries to save them.Read MoreIntroduction : How ve He Do That?10829 Words   |  44 Pagesmeal is an act of communion. In these instances the meal being shared is a symbol of love, togetherness, and bonding; it shows â€Å"how characters are getting along. Or not getting along. (Foster Pg. 8)† This type of communion in literary works should never be confused religious communion. In a literary work, when someone shares a meal with someone else it shows that these people want to be together just because of the fact that they’re willin g to share their food. â€Å"We’re quite particular about those

Help Wanted †How the Un Failed in Rwanda Free Essays

Help Wanted World Politics – POLS*1500 Word Count – 1,562 Abstract: This paper aims to questions the United Nations ability to create and maintain peace within a country. This paper will examine the extent of action that the UN commits when a nation encounters internal conflict. Looking at the Rwanda genocide, the paper concludes that the UN is inefficient at creating and building peace. We will write a custom essay sample on Help Wanted – How the Un Failed in Rwanda or any similar topic only for you Order Now Help Wanted During the twentieth century the world entered into a new sphere of international relations. New technology which led to military advancements evoked countries to act out wars that were unprecedented in past generations. When their was conflict between nations, it became easier to cause destruction towards the other nation because of new advanced technology, and therefore the brutality of war was far worse. After World War II, which many call the most horrific war of the century, 51 countries came together and formed the United Nations in 1945. This organization set standards for morality so that the world would not have to experience the same brutality that they had faced during World War II. It encouraged cooperation and peace between countries. Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. former American ambassador once said that,â€Å"the primary, the fundamental, the essential purpose of the United Nations is to keep peace. Everything it does which helps prevent World War III is good. Everything which does not further that goal, either directly or indirectly, is at best superfluous. †1 The United Nations was an organization who’s principle was to create an international center of understanding and cooper ation. Although this was a clear goal, this was a difficult task for the UN because it involved so many different states and actors. The Rwanda Genocide is an example of the United Nations inability to fulfill its goal. In the early 1990’s, the nation of Rwanda faced a ruthless internal conflict between two races, the Tutsis and the Hutus. Although these two races had the same religion, culture, and language, they saw themselves as different because of past colonial influences that had ensued this society for decades. 2 Although mass killing were taking place in Rwanda, the UN did not intervene to the extent that was demanded. The United Nations’ unclear peacekeeping tactics, lack of resources, and unwillingness to use force during the 1994 Rwanda Genocide led to the murder of over 800, 000 Rwandans and evoked disgrace towards the organization that promised peace. The unfolding events of the Rwanda Conflict had much to do with the hatred that Tutsis and Hutus felt for one another. It was viewed by many as a genocide, but the Security Council of the United Nations had much hesitation accepting that conclusion. In the Charter of the United Nations, it states in Chapter I, Article 2 that, â€Å" nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state†3. The UN believed that within a nation, the government should control its sedentary conflicts and the organization should not intervene with such matters. However, promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms is the UN’s main goal, and therefore the organization should intervene in internal conflicts if they believe these rights are being denied. This unclear practice caused the UN to make decisions about intervening in the Rwanda conflict for it depended on the basis opinions of the Security Council instead of decisions based on facts4. Because the definition of genocide could not be construed to an individual conflict, it was up to the Security Council and there underlying goals to come to a decision. As thousands of people were being murdered based on their race, the UN unclear peacekeeping regulations held the organization back from acting. This was also seen when Mr. Waly Bacre Ndiaye, a Amnesty international representative, reported to the UN recommending â€Å"a series of steps to prevent further massacres† but the report seemed to be â€Å"largely ignored by the key actors within the United Nations†5. By not taking into consideration the opinions of firsthand witnesses of the genocide, the UN disregarded its duty to protect and build peace within this nation. These irresponsible peacekeeping tactics caused the organization to fail in their peaceful pursuits and ultimately led to the death of thousands. Without taking into onsideration Rwanda’s cultural instability and their need for support, the United Nations was therefore unsuccessful. As the conflict in Rwanda continued to progress to a critical state, the UN did not seem to have the resources needed to neutralize and keep the peace within the country. This has to do with the economic expense of peacekeeping. It is believe that â€Å"the projected cost of peacekeeping rose from some US $600 million in 1991 to an estimated US $2. 3 billion for 1993†6. States were unwilling to contribute more to the UN because they had other concerns that were higher in national interest. The United Nations had to ration the support they gave to each cause and therefore the demanded assistance in a nation could not always be met. When the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) was planning their second phase of their mission to create peace, there was â€Å"no estimate of the date of further deployment because the necessary additional resources had not been made available†7. Without the proper materials and supplies available to the United Nations, the organizations power to act was limited because of the lack of resources. It is believed that, â€Å"the predicament of the United Nations is the mismatch of large responsibilities and few powers to fulfill them†8 This problem was seen in Rwanda Genocide. The United Nations had so many responsibilities to the world, and yet, the major actors in this organization did not know how to allocate their assistance. The UN’s lack of resources caused a halt in their ability to neutralize the conflict in Rwanda which allowed the massacres to continue, thus, the organization ultimately failed in its peacekeeping pursuits. The United Nations inability to secure peace in Rwanda had much to do with the organizations unwillingness to use military force. When discussing the Rwanda Conflict, the Canadian Forces stated that, â€Å"in order to prevent or suppress the crime of genocide, the necessary international†¦ military will [should have been] marshaled and mobilized†9. Although the UN does not promote the use of military force, and have many steps of peacekeeping before employing this option, the brutality of the Rwanda Genocide could not have been resolved by means of negotiation. This was seen through the failure of The Arusha Accord. Although all the parties in Rwanda had signed this peace agreement, the negotiations created bitterness and violence between the two groups of people which escalated the conflict10. During the UN’s decisions about the conflict, there seemed to be a â€Å"overriding consideration†¦ to avoid entering into a course of action that might lead to the use of force and unanticipated repercussions†11. The UN was unwilling to send troops into Rwanda because of the unforeseen violence that was taking place. The outcry for help was tremendous, however, the conflict’s escalating tension and violence caused the organization to weigh its obligation to this cause. Once the United Nations created a plan of action to be implemented in Rwanda, the â€Å"size of force was far to small to meet the assigned mandate within the increasingly tense conditions†12. Though the United Nations was contributing to creating peace, it lacked the force that was needed. Lieutenant-General[-0] Dallaire â€Å"sent [UN] Headquarters a draft of Rules of Engagement†¦ pecifically allowing the mission to act, and even to use force, in response to crimes against humanity and other abuses†13 Headquarters, however, never responded. The fear of the repercussions and losses due to implementing military force in Rwanda caused the violence to continue. Peace could only be implemented in Rwanda if the United Nations used military forces as power. Karl Maier a German author stated that, â€Å"in Rwan da, one person’s God is another person’s Satan†14. The peace needed in the nation would only be achieved by using force and commanding the violence to stop. The UN’s unwillingness to provide the military forces that were demanded allowed the Rwanda massacres to continue and therefore illustrates the United Nations failure during this conflict. The United Nations failure to bring peace to Rwanda was due to the organizations unclear peacekeeping tactics, lack of resources and unwillingness to use military force. This conflict caused many deaths that could have been avoided if the UN had implemented the proper plans and created clear, logical tactics. Although the events are tragic, the United Nations â€Å"had much to learn, and many adjustments needed to make in applying [peace] in the future†15. The former Secretariat of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, has given public apologizes and leading actors in the Security Council including former American president Bill Clinton, have expressed their regret to act during the Rwanda genocide. The UN has conducted inquiries to try to understand how a conflict of this magnitude could occur without the United Nations having the ability to neutralize the situation. By understanding the causes, the hope is that history will not repeat itself. The United Nations has taken responsibility for their failure to provide peace within Rwanda. This has led to the organizations credibility to grow in recent years through their work internationally to help build and keep the peace. Although the United Nations did not provide peace in Rwanda, they have had a tremendous affect on the cooperation between different countries. If this international organization can create clear procedures of how to deal with, and when to intervene in internal problems, the United Nations will have more success in their pursuits. Footnotes 1. Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. Quotes,† Think Exist, November 2, 2011, http://thinkexist. com/quotation/the_primary-the_fundamental-the_essential_purpose/344191. html 2. Dixon Kamukama, Rwanda Conflict: Its Roots and Regional Implications Second Edition, (Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Publishers Ltd. , 1997), 3-4. 3. â€Å"Purpose and Principles,† in The Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice, ed, United Nations (San Francisco, 1945) 3. 4. Michael Barnett, Eyewitness to Genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda, (New York: Cornell University Press, 2003), 2. . United Nations, â€Å"Rwanda Genocide and UN’s Contribution†, (Security Council Inquiry, 1999), 7. 6. Neil Riemer, International Peace and Security: The Cost of Waging Peace, (USA: Praeger Publishers, 2000) 63. 7. James S. Sutterlin, The United Nations and the Maintenance of International Security: a Challenge to be Met, Second Edition, (New York: Greenwood Publishing Group Inc. , 2003) 75. 8. Mariano Aguirre, â€Å"Power and Paradox in the United Nations,† in Open Democracy (November 2006): accessed October 31, 2011; www. pendemocracy. net/globalization-institutions_government/un_paradox_4073. jsp[-1] 9. â€Å"Learning From the Rwandan Genocide of 1994,† National Defense and the Canadian Forces, November 6, 2011, http://www. journal. dnd. ca/vo6/no2/human-humain-eng. asp 10. Dixon Kamukama, Rwanda Conflict: Its Roots and Regional Implications Second Edition, (Kampala, Uganda: Fountain Publishers Ltd. , 1997), 27-30. 11. United Nations, â€Å"Rwanda Genocide and UN’s Contribution†, (Security Council Inquiry, 1999), 11. 12. James S. Sutterlin, The United Nations and the Maintenance of International Security: a Challenge to be Met, Second Edition, (New York: Greenwood Publishing Group Inc. , 2003) 74. 13. United Nations, â€Å"Rwanda Genocide and UN’s Contribution†, (Security Council Inquiry, 1999), 9. 14. Karl Maier, Into the House of the Ancestors: Inside the New Africa, (San Francisco:John Wiley, 1998), 273. 15. James S. Sutterlin, The United Nations and the Maintenance of International Security: a Challenge to be Met, Second Edition, (New York: Greenwood Publishing Group Inc. , 2003) 77. How to cite Help Wanted – How the Un Failed in Rwanda, Essay examples

Managing For Sustainability

Question: Discuss about the Managing For Sustainability. Answer: The business world has changed tremendously due to the technological advancements. All the changes are as a result of creativity and innovation. The entrepreneurs' strive to get profits from their investments, and this needs a competitive advantage in the market. Profits ensure business success hence continuity in the market. Technology has led to new ways of doing business and managers have the mandate to ensure they cope up with the new changes to be a competitive market. The business has internal and external stakeholders, who help in its achievement of the objectives (Crane, Matten, Spence, 2008). Many organizations engage in illegal ways to achieve the goals and be the leaders of the market. Some rules and regulations govern how businesses are done in many countries globally, but firms use unfair means to compete which is illegal. Business ethics argues that businesses have an obligation to use fair means in all their activities i.e. do the right thing. They have a corporate responsibility of carrying business according to the laws and protecting the societies and the environment. The business, therefore, has the obligation to put social policies to protect the public but not to take advantages of them. They should aim at ensuring the well-being of the society. The environment should be preserved by firm and pollution avoided ( Trevino, Nelson, 2010). The government has the responsibility to ensure all the rules and regulations are observed but where there are deficits the business should not take advantage to exploit its stakeholders.it is the responsibility of the firms and government to ensure the protection of the environment and the society needs (Kolstad, 2011). References Crane, A., Matten, D., Spence, L. J. (Eds.). (2008). Corporate social responsibility: Readings and cases in a global context. London: Routledge. Kolstad, C. (2011). Intermediate Environmental Economics: International Edition. OUP Catalogue. Trevino, L. K., Nelson, K. A. (2010). Managing business ethics. John Wiley Sons.